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Article reactions

We store your selected reaction and a keyed hash of your IP address to enforce one reaction per article per IP. Reaction records do not contain the raw IP address or browser information. The hash and reaction remain for the lifetime of the article so the voting limit continues to apply. You can change your reaction without adding another vote. Readers sharing an IP address share one vote. Public results show percentages only.

Audience measurement

We record successful public page visits, the page/article visited, time, IP address, browser user-agent, device type, operating system, browser and referring website host. A first-party anonymous visitor cookie links your visits and comment submissions. It is not an advertising cookie.

IP addresses are encrypted in analytics and comment records. Country and approximate region/city are determined using a locally stored database; your IP is not sent to an external lookup service. IP geolocation is approximate and may reflect your network provider or VPN rather than your physical location.

Retention and access

Detailed page-visit records are removed after 90 days by the scheduled retention task. IP, device user-agent and anonymous identifiers on older comments are also removed. Aggregated page/region/device totals remain. Only administrators can inspect raw analytics and visitor metadata.

Comment moderation and security

Comments are held for approval. Only approved comments are public. Rejected comments are retained privately for administrators, and moderation decisions and abuse attempts are logged. Security and audit logs have a separate retention policy and may retain IP addresses and request information to investigate abuse and preserve editorial accountability.

Do not include sensitive personal information in a public comment. Your display name and approved comment are visible to everyone.

IP Geolocation by DB-IP